Bibliography

A: The manuscript of the Journael of Hendrick Hamel

The next page contains the facsimile of the beginning of the manuscript of the Journael, which is in the Algemeen Rijksarchief in 's-Gravenhage ( The Common State Archives in the Hague ). By means of this manuscript B. Hoetink took care of the final text edition, which was published in 1920 by Martinus Nijhoff. On this website I did the same thing, you can find it over here.

One finds three different handwritings on the first three pages of this record. On top on the leftside, somebody has written the following assignment:
 

On top, on the right-side, in another handwriting, this title is mentioned.
 

Then follows, in a third handwriting, the actual Journael. Whether this is the handwriting of Hendrick Hamel or of a clerk, who copied the Journael in Batavia, cannot be retrieved anymore. Hamel starts his Journael as follows:
 

	Naer dat wij bij d'Ed=e. Hr. gouverneur en d'E. H=ren raden van India naer Taijoan waren gedestineert, soo sijn op den 18en Junij 1553 met bovengenoemde Iacht vande rheede van Batavia 'tzeijl gegaen, op hebbende d'E. Hr. Cornelis Caesar om't gouvernement van Taijoan, Formosa , met den aencleven van dien te becleden, tot vervangh van d'E
After that we by the honorable Mr. governor-general and the honorable Mr. Councils of the Indies were destined for Tayoan, so did we go under sail on June 18, 1553 on the above mentioned jaght, from the roadstead of Batavia. On board were also honorable Mr. Cornelis Caesar, to take over the government of Tayoan, to hold this office, to replace the honorable.

B. The text editions of the Journael

/ Van de ongeluckighe Voyagie / van 't Jacht de Sperwer/ van Batavia ghedestineert na Tayowan/ in 't / Jaer 1653. en van daer op Japan; hoe 't selve Jacht door storm op het / Quelpaerts Eylandt is gestrant/ ende van 64. personen/ maer 36. / behouden aen het voornoemde Eylant by de Wilden zijn gelant: / Hoe de selve Maets door de Wilden daer van daen naer het / Coninckrijck Coeree zijn vervoert/ by haer genaemt Tyos/cen-koeck; Alwaer sy 13 Jaren en 28 dagen in slaver-/nye onder de Wilden hebben gezworven/ zijnde in die / tijt tot op 16, NA aldaer gestorven/ waer van 8 Per-/sonen in 't Jaer 1666, met een kleyn Vaertuych / zijn ontkomen/ latende daer noch 8. Maets /sitten/ende zijn in 't Jaer 1668. in het / Vaderlandt gearriveert. / Alles beschreven door de Boeckhouder van 't voornoemde / Jacht de Sperwer/ genaemt / HENDRICK HAMEL van Gorcum. / [Schip in woodcut] / Tot Amsterdam/ gedruckt by JACOB VAN VELSEN / in de Kalverstraet/ / aen de Ossesluys/Anno 1668.

8 sheets, sign. A2-A5, 4^o alternating Gothic en Roman letter types. On the reverse side of the title on top the "Namen van de acht Maets die van 't Eylandt Coeree af gekomen zijn." (names of the eight mates coming from the island Coeree) and the "Namen van de acht Maets die daer noch zijn."  (Names of the eight mates who are still there)

JOURNAEL, / Van de ongeluckighe Voyagie / van 't Jacht de Sperwer/ van Batavia ghedestineert NA Tayowan/ in 't / Jaer 1653. En van daer op Japan; hoe 't selve Jacht door storm op het / Quelpaerts Eylandt is gestrant/ ende van 64. personen/ maer 36. / behouden aen het voornoemde Eylant by deWilden zijn gelant: / Hoe de selve Maets door de Wilden daer van daen naer het / Coninckrijck Coeree zijn vervoert/ by haer genaemt Tyo-/cen-koeck; Alwaer zy 13 Jaren en 28 dagen in slaver-/nye onder de Wilden hebben gezworven/ zijnde in die / tijt tot op 16. NA aldaer gestorven / waer van 8 Per-/sonen in 't Jaer 1666. met een kleyn Vaertuych / zijn ontkomen/ latende daer noch 8. Maets / sitten/en de zijn in 't Jaer 1668 in het / Vaderlandt gearriveert. / Alles beschreven door de Boeckhouder van 't voornoemde / Jacht de Sperwer/ genaemt / HENDRICK HAMEL van Gorcum./[Schip in houtsn.] / Tot Amsterdam/ Gedruckt by JACOB VAN [VELSEN / in de Kalverstraet/] / aende Ossesluys/An[no 1668.]

8 sheets, sign. A2-A5, 4^o alternating Gothic en Roman letter types. On the reverse side of the title on top the "Namen van de acht Maets die van 't Eylandt Coeree AF gekomen zijn." (Names of the eight mates coming from the island Coeree) and the "Namen van de acht Maets die daer noch zijn." (Names of the eight mates who are still there)


JOURNAEL, / Van de Ongeluckige Voyagie van 't Jacht de Sperwer/ van / Batavia gedestineert NA Tayowan/ in 't Jaar 1653. En van daar op Japan; hoe 't selve / Jacht door storm op 't Quelpaarts Eylant is ghestrant/ ende van 64. personen / maar 36. / behouden aan 't voornoemde Eylant by de Wilden zijn gelant: Hoe de selve Maats door / de Wilden daar van daan naar 't Coninckrijck Coeree sijn vervoert/ by haar ghenaamt / Tyocen-koeck; Alwaar zy 13. Jaar en 28. daghen/ in slavernije onder de Wilden hebben / gesworven/ zijnde in die tijt tot op 16, NA aldaar gestorven/ waer van 8. Persoonen in / 't Jaar 1666. Met een kleen Vaartuych zijn ontkomen/ latende daar noch acht / Maats sitten/ ende zijn in 't Jaar 1668. In 't Vaderlandt gearriveert. / Als mede een pertinente Beschrijvinge der Landen/ Provin-/tien/ Steden ende Forten/ leggende in 't Coninghrijck Coeree: Hare Rechten/ Justitien / Ordonnantien/ ende Koninglijcke Regeeringe: Alles beschreven door de Boeck-/houder van 't voornoemde Jacht de Sperwer/ Ghenaamt / HENDRICK HAMEL van Gorcum. / Verciert met verscheyde figueren. / [houtsnede: de schipbreuk van de Sperwer] / Tot Rotterdam, / Gedruckt by JOHANNES STICHTER / Boeck-drucker: Op de Hoeck / van de Voghele-sangh/ inde Druckery/1668. 
16 sheets, 20 + 12 pages, sign. A - D, 4o Gothic letter type. On the reverse side the name lists (titles and spellings peculiarities as in the last edition-van Velsen ). The journal fills page. 3-20. In the text 7 rather rude woodcuts, which are used on this webiste as well: presenting the capture (page. 5) penal exercise (page. 8), crossing in four Korean ships (page. 9), in front of the King (page. 11), forced labor (page. 13), flight in a ship (page. 18), arrival at the Dutch fleet in Japan (page. 20). After the  Journael a new title: Beschryvinge / Van 't Koninghrijck / Coeree, / Met alle hare Rechten, Ordon-/nantien, ende Maximen, soo inde Politie, als / inde Melitie, als vooren verhaelt, / [Ornament woodcut] / Anno M.DC.LXVII J.

't Oprechte JOURNAEL, / Van de ongeluckige Reyse van 't Jacht de / Sperwer, / Varende van Batavia NA Tyoman NA Fer-/ mosa/ in 't Jaer 1653. En van daer NA Japan/ daer / Schipper op was REYNIER EGBERTSZ . van Amsterdam. / Beschrijvende hoe het Jacht door storm en onweer op Quelpaerts Ey-/lant vergaen is/ op
hebbende 64. Man/ daer van 36. aen Lant zijn geraeckt/ en gevan-/gen genomen van den Gouverneur van 't Eylant/ die haer als Slaven NA den Coninck / van Coree dede voeren/ alwaer sy 13. Jaren en 28. dagen hebben in Slaverny moeten blij-/ven/ waren in die tijdt tot op 16. nae gestorven: Daer van acht persoonen in 't Jaer 1666. / Met een kleyn Vaertuygh zijn 't ontkomen/ achterlatende noch acht van haer Maets: / En hoe sy in 't Vaderlandt zijn aen gekomen Anno 1668. In de Maent July. / [Schip in houtsnede] / t' Amsterdam, Gedruckt / By GILLIS JOOSTEN SAAGMAN, in de Nieuwe-straet/ / Ordinaris Drucker van de Zee-Journalen en Landt-Reysen.

20 sheets, 40 numbered pages, sign. A - E, 4^o Gothic typeface, 2 columns. On the reverse side of the front is a big woodcut "de Faam," printed by van Sichem, which has been printed in several older Journael editions of Saagman as well. The name on the globe has been replaced with the word d'Atlas. Under the picture is a rhyme of six lines:
Ghy die begeerigh zijt yets Nieuws en vreemts te lesen, (You, who are desirous to read something new and strange)
Kond' hier op u gemack, en in u Huys wel wesen, (Can here, at ease and being well in your house)
En sien wat perijckelen dees Maets zijn over g'komen, (And see what perils these mates had occurred)
Haer Schip dat blijft door storm, gevangen zijns' genomen, (Their ship that stayed, by storm, taken prison)
In een woest Heydens landt; in 't kort men u beschrijft (In a wild heathen country; in short being described to you)
Den handel van het volck, d'Negotie die men drijft. (The conduct of the people and the trade one does)
Hier nae een Beter. (Hereafter a better one.)

On Page 3 starts "de Korte Beschrijvinghe van de Reyse." In some lines the departure from Texel (10 Jan.1653) and the arrival  in Batavia (2nd of June) is told, and after that, like in the manuscript and in other editions, the departure from Batavia and the rest of the journey. In the edition are only slight differences with the manuscript and the other editions. The description of Korea is here, like in the manuscript, in the middle of the Journal. In the margins are dates and short summaries placed and on page 30-31 in the enumeration of the animals, a short description is added, with two big pictures of elephants found in Asia and the crocodiles or caimans of which "in this country" many can be found. A marginal comment indicates that this is a "note to fill these two pages" (Nota tot vervullinghe van dese twee pagiens). The Journal doesn't end, as with the other printers, with the arrival in Japan, but gives, like the manuscript, in some lines note of the stay there, the interrogation before the departure (without the text itself) of the trip to Batavia, as addition the presentation of the Journal to "Den Generael" and the arrival in Amsterdam on July 20, 1668. Both the name lists follow. In the text 6 prints and 5 engravings and a woodcut from the storage of Saagman: On page 4: a ship wreckage, used before in the journey of the Bontekoe; on page 7: a crowd of armed people a carriage with two horses, and two camels on their way to a reinforcement; on page 13: prisoners in front of an oriental monarch; on page 22 "Straffe der Hoereerders" (punishment of the whore-hoppers from the 2nd journey of Van Neck; in the filler on page 30 a woodcut of a big elephant, already used by Saagman in his edition of Van Linschoten's Itinerario, and on page 31 a big engraving, depicting a landscape with crocodiles and casuarisses. Copies are the Royal Library in the Hague and in the Koch in Rotterdam.

JOURNAEL / Van de ongeluckige Reyse 't Jacht de / Sperwer, / Varende van Batavia NA Tyowan en Fer-/mosa/ in 't Jaer 1653. En van daer NA Japan/ daer /Schipper op was REYNIER EGBERTSZ. van Amsterdam. / Beschrijvende hoe het Jacht door storm en onweer ver:/gaen is/ veele Menschen verdroncken en gevangen sijn: Mitsgaders / wat haer in 16. Jaren tijdt wedervaren is/ en eyndelijck hoe / noch eenighe van haer in 't Vaderlandt zijn aen geko-/ men Anno 1668. In de Maendt July. / [woodcut with 2 ships] / t' Amsterdam, Gedruckt / By GILLIS JOOSTEN SAAGMAN, in de Nieuwe-straet/,/ Ordinaris Drucker van de Zee-Journalen en LandtReysen.

20 sheets, 40 numbered pages, sign. A-E, 4^o Gothic typeface, 2 columns. On the reverse side the Faam with the poem as in "'t Oprechte Journael." Also the text is similar except some spelling differences, literally the same. On page 7 is another engraving: a fort on the waterside and the filler on page 30/31 is changed. The big crocodile print is replaced by a smaller print of a "krackedil", the marginal notes which indicated the filler as such, disappeared, and from the elephants is said that they are "hier"(here). Both descriptions have been made bigger to fill the space. A copy is in the collection Mensing in Amsterdam.

JOURNAEL, / Van de ongeluckige Reyse van 't Jacht de / Sperwer, / Varende van Batavia NA Tyowan en Fer-/mosa/ in 't Jaer 1653. En van daer NA Japan/ daer / Schipper op was REYNIER EGBERTSZ. Van Amsterdam. / Beschrijvende hoe 't Jacht door storm en onweer op Quelpaerts Eylant / vergaen is/ op hebbende 64 man/ daer van 36 aen landt zijn geraeckt/ en gevangen ghe:/nomen van den Gouverneur van 't Eylandt/ die haer als Slaven NA den Koningh van / Coree dede voeren/ alwaer sy 13 Jaren en 28 daghen hebben in slaverny moeten blijven; / waren in die tijdt tot op 16 NA gestorven: daer van 8 persoonen in 't 1666. met een kleyn / Vaertuygh 't ontkomen zijn/ achterlatende noch 8 van haer Maets: En hoe sy in 't/ Vaderlandt zijn aen-gekomen/ Anno 1668. In de Maent Julij. / [Ship with woodcut.] / t' Amsterdam, / By GILLIS JOOSTEN ZAAGMAN, in de Nieuwe-straet / Ordinaris Drucker van de Zee-Journalen en Landt- Reysen

20 sheets, 40 numbered pages, sign. AE 4^o Gothic letter type 2 columns. On the reverse side the Faam with the poem as in the other two editions Zaagman. Also the text is page by page similar. On page 7 the fort on the waterside; on page 22 the print is disappeared; on page 23, where the worship of the idols is mentioned, a big engraved portrayal is added, borrowed from Van Linschoten en Houtman (see Werken Linsch.-vereniging, VII, page 124); the whole page filling with both the prints (elephant and crocodiles) on page 30/31 has been removed; in it's place on page 30/32 (4 columns) a "beschrijvinghe van des Konings Gastmael" (description of the kings host-meal) from the"Javaense Reyse gedaen van Batavia over Samarangh NA de Konincklijcke Hoofd-plaets Mataram, in den jare 1656"(Javanese journey done from Batavia via Samarang to the capital Mataram, in the year 1656) printed in Dordrecht in 1666, is added. The host meal "van den Sousouhounan, Grootmachtighste Koninck van 't Eyland Java" (of the Susuhan, great mighty king of the isle of Java) is without any clue, transferred to Korea. This copy was in Hoetinks time still in the Prussian State Library (Kgl. Bibliothek) in Berlin.

4. MINUTOLI (1670), 'Relation du noufrage d'un vaiseau hollandois sur la Coste de l"Isle de Quelparts. Avec la Description de Royaume de Corée'.
Traduit de Flamande, par Monsieur Minutoli. A Paris, chez Thomas Jolly, au Palis, dans la Salle des Merciers, au coin de la Gallerie des prissonniers,   la Palme & aux Armes d'Hollande.

5. MICHAEL UND JOH. FRIEDRICH ENDTERS (1672), 'Journal, oder Tagregister. Darinnen Alles Dasjenige was sich mit einem Holländischen Schiff das von Batavien aus nach Tayowan, und von dannen ferner nach Japan, reisfertig durch Sturm im 1653 Jahre gestranded, und mit dem Volk darauf so das Knigreich Corea gebracht worden nach begeben ordentlich beschrieben und erzehlt wird: von Heinrich Hamel von Gorkum, damaligem Buchhalter auf denjenigen Schiff SPERBER genannt', aus dem Niederladischen verteutschet.
Mit. Rom. Kays. Majest. Freyheit. Nurnberg. In Verlegung Michael un Joh. Endters, im Jahre M.DC.LXXII.

6. CHURCHILL (1704), 'An Account of the Shipwreck of a Dutch vessel on the coast of the isle of Quelpaert, together with the description of the Kingdom of Corea', in: A Collection of Voyages and Travels, 4vols., London, John Churchil, vol IV, pp. 607-632.
Reprinted in : Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. IX, 1918; reprinted anew in: The Dutch Come To Corea, by Gari Ledyard, pp. 168 ff. Published by the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, in conjunction with Taewon Publishing Company, Seoul, Korea, 1971.

7. HOETINK (1920),'Verhaal van het Vergaan van het jacht DE SPERWER en van het wedervaren der schipbreukelingen op het eiland Quelpaert en het vasteland van Korea (1653-1666) met een beschrijving van dat Rijk', door Hendrik Hamel.
Taken care of by B. Hoetink, and published by Martinus Nijhoff at the Hague, as Vol. XVIII of a series Works published by the Linschoten-Association (vereniging)
8. YI PYONGDO (1954), Hamel p'yoryugi, Ilchogak, Seoul. A Korean translation based on the French edition of M. Minutoli. Extensive supplements are included a big number of Korean and Japanese texts which are related to the stay of the Hollanders in Korea.

9. IKUTA SHIGERU (1961/65). A Japanese translation of the authentic text, as published by Hoetink. With interesting material of Korean sources. Published in three installments from 1961 till 1965.

C: Commentaries at the list of text editions

In 1668, the Journael was published at the same time in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. The edition of Amsterdam of van Velsen , contains only the story of the Sperwer. In the edition of Rotterdam, of Stichter , the description of country and people of Korea, is added. With Hamel, this description is in the middle of the story; like a kind of intermezzo. Stichter made separate chapters of this. This example is followed in later editions, amongst others in Hollanders in Korea (1980). Furthermore is this edition of Stichter 'Verciert met verscheydene Figueren' (decorated with several pictures). These were rather primitive wood engravings, which you will find in here as well in chapter 4. Both with Stichter as Van Velsen the interrogation by the Japanese is lacking. This can only be seen in the editions of Hoetink (1920), Shigeru (1961/65) and Gari Ledyard (1971) and in Hollanders in Korea (1989).
For the rest Stichter and Van Velsen follow the text in it's footsteps. Apart from a number of remarkable differences in spelling (compare for this the title pages) are both editions, as far as it concerns the story, practically identical.

Though Saagman (1669) calls his edition ' t Oprecht Journael' (the true Journael ), his text shows a number of rather important deviations from the basic text. He starts his story for instance with the departure of the Sperwer from the roadstead of Texel in January 1653. In reality did the Sperwer only leave once from Texel; April 26, 1648, to never return to that island.
Furthermore ends Saagmans Journael with the return of eight members of the crew in Amsterdam. The Journael of Hamel on the other hand ends with the arrival of the eight in Batavia.
But Saagman makes it even worse. His edition is illustrated with pictures of elephants and crocodiles . His pseudo-Hamel claims that he didn't see elephants in Korea, but a lot of crocodiles. These were horrible monsters, which feed themselves exclusively with human flesh. Some Koreans even should have told him that they had found quite often in the stomach of one crocodile half-digested corpses of three children. Also with Saagman the interrogation of the Japanese is lacking.

The German edition of the brothers Endters (1672) can be found in a voluminous collection which is titled: WAHRHAFTIGE BESCHREIBUNGEN DREYER MACHTIGEN Koningreiche: Japan, Siam und Corea. Benebenst noch vielen andern/ im Vorbe-/richt vermeldten Sachen: / So mit neuen Anmerkungen/ und schtnen / Kupferblttern/ / von / CHRISTOPH ARNOLD/ / vermehrt/ verbessert/ und geziert. / Denen noch beygefiget / JOHANN JACOB MERKLEINS/ / von Winsheim/ / Ost-Indianische Reise: / Welche er IM Jahre 1644 lblich angenommen/ und IM / Jahre 1653 glucklich vollendet. / Samt einem nothwendigen Register. / MIT Rem. Kys. Majest. Freyheit. / Nürnberg / In Verlegung MICHAEL und JOH. FRIEDERICH ENDTERS. / IM Jahre M.DC.LXXII.

The story can be found in 3F2a with the title:

JOURNAL, / oder / Tagregister/ / Darinnen / Alles dasjenige/ was sich MIT einem / Hollandischen Schiff/ das von Batavien aus/ / nach Tayowan, und von dannen ferner nach Japan, / reisfertig/ durch Sturm/ IM 1653. Jahre gestrandet, / und MIT dem Volk darauf/ so in DAs K)nigreich Corea, / gebracht worden/ nach und nach begeben/ ordent-/lich beschrieben/ und erzehlet wird: / von / HEINRICH HAMEL/ von Gorkum/ / damaligem Buchhalter/ auf demjenigen / Schiff Sperber genant. / Aus dem Niederlndischen verteutschet.

Minutoli (1670) and Churchill (1704) base themselves mainly on Saagman. They take over the story of the crocodiles without any hesitation. Also the beginning and the end of the Journael are in these editions the same as in Saagman's edition: the Sperwer leaves from the port of Texel on January 10, 1653 and the survivors arrive on July 20 1668, after enduring some storms in Amsterdam.
The average reader will have been thrilled by the passage of the crocodiles, but when the edition of Churchill was reprinted in the 20th century, there were some readers who were rather hindered by their relevant knowledge in their pleasure of reading. In the Introduction in the reprint of 1918 of this edition Mark Napier Trollope , the president of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, who was working as a Methodist bishop in Korea, writes that he had never seen crocodiles in that country. "there are points, like his circumstantial account of the man-eating "crocodiles" to be found in Chosen, which sound rather like a "traveler 's tale".
But he adds quite gullibly:" though it is possible that such animals may have existed two hundred and fifty years ago and yet be extinct now.
The edition of Churchill contains, apart from the crocodile story, a number of inaccuracies, which are to be retraced to his lack of knowledge of Dutch and of typical Dutch concepts. He translates for instance 'Princevlag' (The Dutch national flag: orange, white and blue) with 'The colors with the arms of the Prince of Orange'. Other mistakes are writing errors, which give rise to the suspicion that the text was not always well readable. This is especially true for names of people. The governor of Formosa, de heer Cornelis Caesar (or Cesar) becomes in the edition of Churchill 'Min Heer Cornelius Lesser'. Also other mistakes could be caused by this.

Concluding one can say that the text of the Journael, as it is written by Hamel, was rather wearing out. It was not particularly superfluous that Hoetink made a scientific edition in 1920.
But 34 years later the Korean Yi Pyongdo, couldn't use this edition, because he couldn't read modern nor 17th century Dutch. That's why he fell back on the French edition of Minutoli, with the disastrous consequence that all the mistakes of this edition, including the story of the crocodiles was adopted. Yi Pyongdo makes a footnote at this crocodile story in which he finishes this story as sportsman's yarns. 
However Ikuta Shigeru (1961/65) did make use of the edition of Hoetink as basic text for his translation in Japanese, of which the quality is praised by experts.
The interesting and valuable things of the editions of Shigeru and Pyongdo are the quotations of relevant Korean and Japanese sources, after all they are Korean scholars.
Gari Ledyard, also a Korean scholar, made these accessible again for western readers by including them, translated into English, in The Dutch come to Korea (1971). Hoetink didn't have access yet to these sources. In his introduction to his text-edition he writes:

In a footnote he adds that according to Korean emigrants in the United States, the Japanese who annexed Korea in 1910, destroyed all historical documents. Luckily these emigrants were mistaken.

It's remarkable that Ledyard, beside the valuable data from the Korean and Japanese sources, didn't include in his book a good English translation of the Journael. Instead of that he offers his readers the translation of Churchill with all it's inadequacy. It's understandable he couldn't translate Hoetinks version, but he could have published the Dutch version.

Dr. Frits Vos was Professor of Japanese and Korean Language, literature and history at the University of Leyden in the Netherlands. He also wrote additional information and translated into English the remarks and wordlist mentioned in Witsen's book. Follow the links to read this 

To be complete I have to mention the following title as well although I haven't read it.

KLÖSLOVÁ, Zdenka
Než Hamel ztroskotal v Koreji : Evropské prameny o Koreji / Zdenka Klöslová. --In: Nový Orient (1999), c. 1. --s. 12-15

Follow this link to see some interesting discussions with Korean scholars

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