Book of Nieuhoff: [About the conquest of the Manchu's and the help of Korea page 199 an further] On both sides there were heavy fights, and for a long time with a dubious outcome and equal defeats fought on both sides, till at the end the Sineesche [= Chinese] army retreated and started to get on the run. Since then the chopping down and killing on the Tartarian side knew no end, and were killed in cold blood, those who stood their grounds and offered resistance. Fifty thousand men, amongst whom were several Lieutenant-Colonels and people of repute, stayed on the place of the battle defeated; the rest escaped it on flight, and were the messengers of the defeat to the Sineeschen Emperor. The Tarters, after gaining the victory, (though they were hardly one to ten) pursued, according to their custom, conquered in a stormy way on the same day two cities, led them to ashes, and chopping down the Citizen, amongst which there were many Sineesche Warriors, who attended the last battle, to the last one. Many other townships of lesser importance, like villages and hamlets, were, while passing by, ravaged in a terrible way and reduced them to ashes, the inhabitants forced to lend a helping hand to the victorious Tartar, with this damaging and raging, or, if they stoop up against it, were chopped down on the spot, as a result one could see whole regions, where the Tartersche army of warriors went through, was without people and uninhabited.

[DUTCH]

[About the conquest of the Manchu's and the help of Korea page 199 an further]

On both sides there were heavy fights, and for a long time with a dubious outcome and equal defeats fought on both sides, till at the end the Sineesche [= Chinese] army retreated and started to get on the run. Since then the chopping down and killing on the Tartarian side knew no end, and were killed in cold blood, those who stood their grounds and offered resistance. Fifty thousand men, amongst whom were several Lieutenant-Colonels and people of repute, stayed on the place of the battle defeated; the rest escaped it on flight, and were the messengers of the defeat to the Sineeschen Emperor. The Tarters, after gaining the victory, (though they were hardly one to ten) pursued, according to their custom, conquered in a stormy way on the same day two cities, led them to ashes, and chopping down the Citizen, amongst which there were many Sineesche Warriors, who attended the last battle, to the last one. Many other townships of lesser importance, like villages and hamlets, were, while passing by, ravaged in a terrible way and reduced them to ashes, the inhabitants forced to lend a helping hand to the victorious Tartar, with this damaging and raging, or, if they stoop up against it, were chopped down on the spot, as a result one could see whole regions, where the Tartersche army of warriors went through, was without people and uninhabited.

After this shedding of brooks of blood, and the demolishing of Cities and Villages, the Tarters committed robbery, and came looting to the wall of the Royal Capital Peking. Dan to siege that, thought them not more to be then a piece of recklessness as brave caution; noticed that there was a countless number of heavy artillery and other armaments, and the City, with an occupation of eighty thousand Warriors, all old and well practiced people, was saved.

And though the City was so well equipped with armaments and a strong occupying force, thus however confessing the Sineezen themselves, that the dismay and astonishment amongst the Citizen was that big, that the Emperor again, as before, made preparations to leave the City, and to forsake to the Southern areas. Then some of the Lieutenant-Colonels and State-Councils, with imparting, that the flight of the emperor would give the Tarters courage, to take from the subjects, and would upset the whole State; while with this flight nothing else would be accomplished that the enemy would clear out the country. The Sineezen added, that the Tarters, if they started the siege, and attacking the city stormily, they would have conquered the same without thought: however were more interested in the booty: since they plundered far and wide the Villages, Cities, and Fortresses, which they encountered, and thousands of Sineezen miserably, lost their lives. Then they returned finally, overloaded with booty, back in the farthest part of Leaotung, and left all the other conquered places without occupation.

After this course of things, and worldly changes, came the Emperor Vaulieus, in the year thousand six hundred and twenty, of this world, to die. After his death became his son Taichangus, a brave and militant Sovereign, elevated on the Chair of State, which [brave and militant behavior], with the gathering of new power against the Tarters, showed enough, what service he might have done the Motherland, if he wasn't dragged out of this life because of an unexpected death, since within the fourth month of his rule, came this courageous and young Sovereign after a hasty decease, to die. After this Taichangus, stepped his son Thiekius, who degenerated by no means his Father in virtuousness and braveness, on the empty Throne. This Monarch promoted no more thing, than to step into friendship with everybody, and his State with favor and affection